{"id":5000,"date":"2018-11-21T17:16:20","date_gmt":"2018-11-21T20:16:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/theinternationalobservatory.com\/?p=5000"},"modified":"2018-11-21T17:16:20","modified_gmt":"2018-11-21T20:16:20","slug":"armas-autonomas-dih","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/theinternationalobservatory.com\/index.php\/2018\/11\/21\/armas-autonomas-dih\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfDeber\u00eda un sistema de armas ser capaz de tomar su propia “decisi\u00f3n” acerca de a qui\u00e9n matar?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Fuente: ICRC Website<\/a><\/p>\n

Ginebra (CICR) \u2013\u00a0Armas aut\u00f3nomas: los Estados deben acordar qu\u00e9 significa control humano en la pr\u00e1ctica<\/h4>\n
\n

El Comit\u00e9 Internacional de la Cruz Roja (CICR) cree que la respuesta es no e insta a que los Estados acepten l\u00edmites firmes, pr\u00e1cticos y sostenibles en el futuro respecto de la autonom\u00eda en los sistemas de armas.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Durante la reuni\u00f3n anual de los Estados parte en la Convenci\u00f3n sobre ciertas armas convencionales, que tiene lugar en Ginebra del 21 al 23 de noviembre, el CICR instar\u00e1 a que el nuevo mandato del Grupo de expertos gubernamentales se centre en determinar el tipo y el grado de control humano que ser\u00eda necesario para respetar el derecho internacional humanitario y atender preocupaciones \u00e9ticas. Varias preguntas necesitan respuesta.<\/p>\n

_ \u00bfCu\u00e1l es el nivel de supervisi\u00f3n humana, incluida la capacidad de intervenir y desactivar, que se requerir\u00eda durante la operaci\u00f3n de un arma capaz de seleccionar objetivos y dirigir ataques de forma aut\u00f3noma?<\/p>\n

_ \u00bfCu\u00e1l es el nivel de previsibilidad y de confiabilidad que se requerir\u00eda, teniendo en consideraci\u00f3n tambi\u00e9n las tareas del arma y el entorno de uso?<\/p>\n

_ \u00bfQu\u00e9 otras restricciones operacionales se requerir\u00edan, en particular en las tareas del sistema de armas, sus objetivos, el entorno en el cual opera (por ejemplo, una zona poblada o sin poblaci\u00f3n), la duraci\u00f3n de su operaci\u00f3n y el alcance de su movimiento?<\/p>\n

\u201cHoy en d\u00eda, existe una amplia aceptaci\u00f3n respecto de que debe mantenerse el control humano sobre los sistemas de armas y el uso de la fuerza, lo que conlleva la necesidad de l\u00edmites a la autonom\u00eda\u201d, afirm\u00f3 Peter Maurer, presidente del CICR. \u201cAhora es el momento para que los Estados determinen el nivel de control humano que se necesita para atender las consideraciones \u00e9ticas y jur\u00eddicas\u201d.<\/p>\n

Solo los humanos pueden hacer juicios espec\u00edficos seg\u00fan el contexto en materia de distinci\u00f3n, proporcionalidad y precauciones en el combate. Solo los humanos pueden comportarse de manera \u00e9tica, defender la responsabilidad moral y mostrar piedad y compasi\u00f3n. Las m\u00e1quinas no pueden aplicar los juicios complejos y \u00fanicamente humanos requeridos en los campos de batalla a fin de respetar el derecho internacional humanitario. Como objetos inanimados, nunca ser\u00e1n capaces de encarnar la conciencia humana o los valores \u00e9ticos.<\/p>\n

Dado el notable inter\u00e9s de los militares en las armas cada vez m\u00e1s aut\u00f3nomas, existe un riesgo creciente de que los seres humanos se alejen tanto de la elecci\u00f3n de usar la fuerza que la adopci\u00f3n de decisiones de vida o muerte quedar\u00e1 efectivamente a cargo sensores y sistemas inform\u00e1ticos.<\/p>\n

\u201cLos seres humanos no pueden delegar en las m\u00e1quinas la decisi\u00f3n de usar la fuerza y la violencia. Los seres humanos deben reservarse las decisiones de matar, herir y destruir. Son los seres humanos quienes aplican el derecho y est\u00e1n obligados a respetarlo\u201d, dijo Kathleen Lawand, jefa de la Unidad de Armas del CICR.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Fuente: ICRC Website Ginebra (CICR) \u2013\u00a0Armas aut\u00f3nomas: los Estados deben acordar qu\u00e9 significa control humano en la pr\u00e1ctica El Comit\u00e9 Internacional de la Cruz Roja (CICR) cree que la respuesta es no e insta a que los Estados acepten l\u00edmites firmes, pr\u00e1cticos y sostenibles en el futuro respecto de la autonom\u00eda en los sistemas de armas. Durante la reuni\u00f3n anual de los Estados parte en la Convenci\u00f3n sobre ciertas armas convencionales, que tiene lugar en Ginebra del 21 al 23 de noviembre, el CICR instar\u00e1 a que el nuevo mandato del Grupo de expertos gubernamentales se centre en determinar el […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":5001,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[57],"tags":[288,270,337,338,263,240,336],"class_list":["post-5000","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticias","tag-armas","tag-cicr","tag-conflictos-armados","tag-ddhh","tag-dih","tag-ihl","tag-robots"],"yoast_head":"\n\u00bfDeber\u00eda un sistema de armas ser capaz de "decidir" a qui\u00e9n 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